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Society Hill is a neighborhood in the Center City section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The neighborhood, loosely defined as bounded by Walnut, Lombard, Front and 8th Streets, contains the largest concentration of original 18th- and early 19th-century residential architecture of any place in the United States. Society Hill is noted as a charming district with cobblestone streets bordered by brick rowhouses in Federal and Georgian style. ==History== The district is named after the 18th century Free Society of Traders, which had its offices at Front Street on the hill above Dock Creek. Located close to both the Delaware River and Philadelphia's civic buildings, including the Independence Hall, the neighborhood soon became one of the city's most populous areas. Several market halls, taverns and churches were built alongside brick houses of Philadelphia's affluent citizens. In the 19th century, the city expanded westward and the area lost its appeal. Houses deteriorated, and by the 1940s, Society Hill had become a slum neighborhood, one of the worst in the city.〔, p.119〕 In the 1950s, the city, state and federal governments began one of the first urban renewal programs aimed at the preservation of historic buildings. While most commercial 19th-century buildings were demolished, historically-significant houses were restored by occupants or taken over by the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority and sold to individuals who agreed to restore the exteriors. Replicas of 18th-century street lights and brick sidewalks were added to enhance the colonial atmosphere. Empty lots and demolished buildings were replaced with parks, walkways, and modern townhouses. From 1957-1959, the Greater Philadelphia Movement, the Redevelopment Authority and the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation bought around Dock Street. They demolished and relocated the Dock Street market, setting aside of land that would become the Society Hill Towers.〔Le Faivre-Rochester, Carole. "Society Hill Towers: A Bold and Graceful Venture." ''I.M. Pei and Society Hill: A 40th Anniversary Celebration''. Ed. Herman Baron. Philadelphia: DIANE Publishing Co., 2003: 35. ''Google Books''. ().〕 In 1957, Edmund Bacon, the executive director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission, awarded developer-architect firm Webb and Knapp the competition for the redevelopment of Society Hill. Architect I. M. Pei and his team designed a plan for three 31-story Society Hill Towers and low-rise buildings.〔Perkins, Dorothy. "Biography of I.M. Pei." ''I.M. Pei and Society Hill: A 40th Anniversary Celebration''. Ed. Herman Baron. Philadelphia: DIANE Publishing Co., 2003: 8. ''Google Books''. ().〕 The Towers and townhouses project was completed in 1964, while the entire plan was completed in 1977.〔Le Faivre-Rochester, p. 36.〕 Architect Louis Sauer designed dozens of rowhouse projects for the area around Society Hill, including Waverly Court and Penn's Landing Square. Historic buildings in Society Hill include the Society Hill Synagogue, built in 1829 as a Baptist church by Philadelphia architect Thomas U. Walter, one of the architects of the United States Capitol in Washington, DC. The synagogue was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. Another notable building is St. Peter's Church, constructed between 1758 and 1761 by Robert Smith. The Society Hill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. In 1999, it was listed on the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.phila.gov/historical/base.html )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Society Hill, Philadelphia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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